Formation of highly uniform tin oxide nanochannels by electrochemical anodization on cold sprayed tin coatings

In this study, the self-organized nanoporous tin oxide films were prepared on cold sprayed and foil through a voltage-controlled anodization method. The optimized spray parameters used to obtain dense structure. morphology crystallinity of samples investigated by FE-SEM XRD, respectively. Firstly, an amorphous film (SnO) with compact less regular outer layer almost uniform inner was grown during anodization. This structure cause formation close pores at surface, which reduces appropriate properties porous Herein, simple way attain totally open is reported. Pulsed ultrasonic ensured be effective create mostly few lateral cracks. It found that are different because difference in surface topography imperfections. current vs. time curves mechanism discussed. highest applicable annealing temperature for 350 °C. Nanoporous adhesion substrate maintained perfectly temperature. Subsequent higher temperatures leads collapse